Diagnostic tools
A thorough and accurate cancer diagnosis is the first step in developing a gynecologic cancer treatment plan. Our team of cancer experts uses advanced diagnostic tests and tools to accurately locate and stage the disease, and plan your individualized treatment. Throughout your treatment, we use imaging and laboratory tests to track the size of the tumors, monitor your response to treatment and modify your treatment if needed.
Diagnostic tools and techniques used throughout your treatment are determined by the type of gynecologic cancer you have. Following are some of the common diagnostic evaluations available to gynecologic cancer patients at City of Hope.
Advanced genomic testing
For certain types of gynecologic cancer, including ovarian cancer, advanced genomic testing is part of standard-of-care at City of Hope. It is a type of laboratory test that examines a tumor on a genetic level to look for the DNA alterations that are driving the growth of cancer. By identifying the mutations that occur in a cancer cell's genome, our physicians may better understand what caused the tumor and provide cancer treatment therapies that specifically target changes in the tumor's genomic profile.
Biopsy
During this procedure, a sample of cells is removed from the inside lining of the cervix or uterus and sent to the laboratory for examination under a microscope. This procedure is used to help diagnose cervical and uterine cancer and may be performed in a doctor’s office or in an outpatient operating room.
CA-125 test
This blood test measures the level of a protein called CA-125 in your blood. High amounts of CA-125 may indicate ovarian cancer, as well as less serious conditions, such as endometriosis or inflammation in the abdomen.
CT scan
A CT scan is an X-ray procedure that uses a computer to produce three-dimensional, cross-sectional images of the inside of your body. A CT scan may be used to help determine the tumor size and shape, or to see if cancer has spread to lymph nodes or other areas of your body.
MRI
MRI technology uses radiofrequency waves, powerful magnets and a computer to create detailed, cross-sectional pictures of the inside of your body. An MRI has greater soft tissue contrast than a CT scan.
PET/CT scan
A PET/CT scan shows what is happening in your body at a cellular level, before any tumors may be present. A PET/CT scan allows a doctor to investigate rising CA-125 levels or a suspicious area on a CT scan and to help determine if cancer may be present in your ovaries or elsewhere in your body.
Ultrasound
Ultrasound uses sound waves to create an image of your internal organs and helps to identify gynecologic tumors, which may produce sound differently than healthy tissue. A doctor may also use transvaginal ultrasound to measure increased blood flow, which may serve as another indicator of cancerous tissue.
